Свирида И. И. Метаморфозы в пространстве культуры. М.: Индрик, 2009. – 464 с., илл.
Способность к метаморфозам – универсальное свойство культуры, позволяющее интеллектуально и практически преображать мир. В книге в избранных аспектах рассмотрены метаморфозы пространства, природы, человека, типа культурной эпохи. Ряд глав построен в ретроспективном плане. Однако основное место отдано эпохе Просвещения, которая охарактеризована в качестве культуры открытого типа, театрализованной, склонной к историзму, феминизации, эзотерике и культу садов. Их изменчивому пространству, образу и функциям уделено особое внимание. Они анализируются в контексте взаимоотношений натуры и культуры, сакрального и светского, города и сада, показаны как пространственная среда, формирующая модель мира и человека. Сам же он выступает как человек «естественный» и «играющий», «социальный» и «эстетический», а также на экзистенциальном пограничье человек/нечеловек.
Содержание
Введение. О метаморфозах и других сюжетах книги
Раздел I. ПРОСТРАНСТВО; ПРИРОДА; КУЛЬТУРА
Глава 1. Пространство в культуре — культура в пространстве
Глава 2. Натура и культура
Глава 3. Ландшафты природы и культуры
Раздел II. САД И ЕГО МИФОЛОГЕМЫ
Глава 1. Между sacrum и profanum: топос сада
Глава 2. Природа и сад в русском сознании: от игумена Даниила до Карамзина
Глава 3. Город и сад: между антитезой и синтезом
Глава 4. Метаморфозы естественного сада: от Просвещения к романтизму и бидермейеру
Глава 5. Аркадия пелопонесская и Аркадия радзивилловская
Раздел III. ЧЕЛОВЕК: МИФ; МОДЕЛЬ; ОБРАЗ
Глава 1. Человек/нечеловек в искусстве: о границах бытия
Глава 2. «Человек естественный» и «человек играющий» в садовом пространстве
Глава 3. Принц эпохи Просвещения: Шарль Жозеф де Линь
Раздел IV. ЛИКИ ЭПОХИ: ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЕ
Глава 1. Просвещение как открытый тип культуры: casus polonicum
Глава 2. История и искусство в культуре польского Просвещения
Глава 3. Театрализация как синтезирующая форма культуры XVIII в.
Глава 4. Феминизированный век философов
Глава 5. Универсализм и эзотерика эпохи Просвещения: масонский подтекст дворцово-парковых ансамблей Речи Посполитой
Принятые сокращения
Примечания
Именной указатель
Table of contents
The notion of metamorphosis featuring in the title of the book is not just a metaphor – it denotes the transfiguration of meanings, images, forms and functions, which realize in culture. The ability to produce metamorphoses is shown as their general property. Metamorphosis and tradition are the two foundations which determine the essence of culture, its actual state and position between the past and the future. Any phenomenon functioning in the space of culture can be described from the viewpoint of metamorphosis. Culture rejects stub track situations, which have made metamorphoses impossible. Artistic images verbalized in literary works or embodied in sculpture and architecture do not finish their metamorphoses there: they continue in the recipient's consciousness, and this process can go on endlessly. Culture also subjects space to metamorphoses, creating its new artistic images and academic concepts, which change both the model and the concrete picture of the world. In four separate parts of the book the less conventional sequence of topics – space, garden, personality model, type of epoch – has allowed to demonstrate, in selected aspects, the universality of the metamorphoses.
Table of contents
Introduction. ON THE METAMORPHOSES OF CULTURE and OTHER SUBJECTS IN THE BOOK
Part I. SPACE, NATURE, CULTURE
Chapter 1. SPACE IN THE TEXTS OF CULTURE – CULTURE IN THE SPACE OF ITS BEING
Textualization of space: a little historiography of the question
The space of culture's being
Man and space of the culture
Semantization of space
The loci of the "text-creating world"
The mutual positioning of cultures
Chapter 2. NATURE AND CULTURE
Man and nature
What is nature?
Between the artificial and the natural
Attempting to approach culture and nature
Chapter 3. LANDSCAPES OF NATURE and CULTURE
Anthropization and anthropomorphization
Cultural landscape and culture as landscape
Semantic of landscape in the context of epochs
From natural landscape to landscape of skill
The fourth measurement. Ruins
Motion in the landscape
The interrelation of geography and history of the culture
Part II. THE GARDEN and ITS MYTHOLOGEMS
Chapter 1. BETWEEN SACRUM and PROFANUM: THE TOPOS OF THE GARDEN
Garden, real and mental
Hortus conclusus
The existential and the archetypal
Paradise Garden: benefit moral and practical
Locus amoenus
Garden Pantheon
Chapter 2. NATURE and THE GARDEN IN RUSSIAN CONSCIENCE: FROM FATHER DANIEL TO KARAMZIN
The sacralized landscape of the Orthodox pilgrim
From hortus conclusus to the jardin de plaisance
The term garden
The first Russians in the gardens of Europe
The loci of the landscape: Forest. Mountains. Sea
From the shelter of dryads to native nature
Chapter 3. CITY and GARDEN: BETWEEN ANTITHESIS and SYNTHESIS
Sacred sources of the two loci
City and garden in the Renaissance. Villa
The Ideal City Fortress
The city and the garden of Utopias
Labyrinth as a figure of the city and the garden
Versailles: the garden-city of the Baroque
The public garden in the city of the modern era
The garden-city of the twentieth century
Chapter 4. METAMORPHOSES OF THE LANDSCAPE GARDEN: THE ENLIGHTENMENT, ROMANTICISM AND BIEDERMEIER
The garden and the concept of naturalness
Garden polemics and searches for origins
Regularity and picturesque
The polystylism of the epoch: Classicism and Rococo
Romance and the Romantic
Naturalness through the eyes of the Romantic
"Minor romantics" or the Biedermeier
Chapter 5. PELOPONNESE ARCADIA and HELEN RADZIVILL'S 'ARCADIA'
The gardens of life, death and love
Et in Arcadia ego
P.S.
Part III. MAN: MYTH, MODEL, IMAGE
Chapter 1. THE IMAGE OF MAN IN ART: HUMAN/NONHUMAN: ON THE EDGE OF EXISTENCE
Antropomorphization. Personification. Allegory
Identity
Sacralization
The likeness to life
Idealization
Face and body
Mythologization and costume-making
The living/the dead
Chapter 2. "HOMO NATURAL1S" and "HOMO LUDENS" IN THE GARDEN
In search of himself
The Unnaturalness of the "home naturalis"
Ideal owner
Naturalness, utopianism, theatricality
Play and illusion
Line of business
Man on the garden stage
Chapter 3. THE PRINCE OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT: CHARLES JOSEPH DE LIGNE
Prince of Europe
Besoin de voyager
Garden writings and impressions
The Crimea
In context of the epoch
The taste
Part IV. FACES OF THE EPOCH: THE ENLIGHTENMENT
Chapter 1. ENLIGHTENMENT AS AN OPEN TYPE OF CULTURE: CASUS POLONICUM
Between the Enlightenment and Sarmatianism
"Public use of reason"
Popular forms and the genres of skill
"Sensible conversation" and the living word
Chapter 2. HISTORY and ART IN THE POLISH ENLIGHTENMENT
History in culture
In search of the spirit of history
Historical painting, didactics and the document
A Political and national idea
Chapter 3. THEATRICALITY AS A SYNTHESIZING FORM OF EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CULTURE
Paths towards synthesis
Theatricality, theatralization and the epoch
Rococo and stylistic pluralism
Theatre as such and theatralization
Theatre among the arts
Theatre and the garden
Theatre and the lifestyle
Chapter 4. THE FEMINIZED CENTURY OF PHILOSOPHERS
In the paradigm of the Enlightenment
Russian contrasts
Education and femininity
Woman as an addressee and inspirer
Feminized Eros
Chapter 5. UNIVERSALISM and ESOTERIC1SM OF THE EPOCH OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT: MASONIC SUBTEXT OF THE PALACES and GARDENS OF THE POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH
Enlightenment and Freemasonry
Freemasons, architecture and gardens
In the Freemason circle of Vilno
Werki of Wawrzyniec Gucewicz through the eyes of the Freemason
«Circul de Ligne»
The Great and the Guest Palaces
Tserklishki and the heathen sources
Translated by A. Novikova